Most Important Question Patterns of Social inequality and social exclusion class 12th 2021

 SUBJECT: Sociology

Chapter. Patterns of Social inequality and social exclusion

Revision Worksheet

CLASS XII

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. The process by which people are categorized into different levels is called…. by Sociologists,

a) social inequality

b) Social exclusion

c) Social stratification

d) Social control

Answer: Social inequality

2. Keeping, individuals away from all activities of the society is called

a) social inequality

b) Social exclusion

c) Social stratification

d) Social control

Answer: Exclusion

3. Who called the untouchables as Harijans (Children of God) and publicized that name?

a) Ambedkar

b) Ayyankali

c) Sri Narayana Guru

d) Gandhiji

Answer: Gandhiji

4. Which was the first Backward Community Commission in India?

a) Netter Commission

b) Mandal Commission

c) Kothari Commission

d) Kaka Kalelkar Commission

Answer: Kaka Kalelkar Commission

5. Who was the head of the second Backward Community Commission in India?

Answer: B.P. Mandal

6. Who was the Chairman of the Backward Community Commission appointed he Kerala government in 1970?

B.P.Mandal

b) V.P. Singh

c) KakaKalelkar

d) Nettur

Answer: Nettur

7. Who started the Bengali Social Reform Movement?

a) JyotibaPhule

b) SirSayyed Ahmed Khan

c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

d) Mahadev Govind Ranade

Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

8. Who formed the Brahma Samaj?

Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

9. The ways in which individuals may become cut-off from full involvement in the wider society is known as

a) Social inclusion

b) Social inequality

c) Social exclusion

d) Social stratification

Ans: c) Social exclusion

10. The word prejudice literally means ____________ that is, an opinion formed in advance of any familiarity with the 

subject, before considering any available evidence.

Ans: pre-judgement

11._________ refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement in the wider society.

Ans: Social exclusion

12.Patterns of unequal access to social resources are commonly called ____________.

Ans:social inequality

13. _________ was the founder of Satyashodak Samaj having its primary emphasis on “truth seeking”.

a) Raja Rammohun Roy

b) Jotiba Phule

c) M.G. Ranade

d) None of the above

Ans: b) Jotiba Phule

14. The jana or tribes are believed to be people of the ______.

a) agriculture

b) forest

c) mining

d) none of the above

Ans: b) forest

15. The book Stree Purush Tulana was written by ___________ a Maharashtrian housewife, as a protest against the 

double standards of a male dominated society.

Ans: Tarabai Shinde

16.Social stratification persists over _______________.

a) generations

b) millennials

c) hierarchy

d) communities

Ans: a) generations

17.___________ is an important state initiative attempting to compensate for past and present caste discrimination.

Ans: Reservations

18. How many forms of capital can social resources be divided into?

A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

Solution:

These social resources can be divided into three forms of capital economic capital: material assets and income; 

cultural capital such as educational qualifications and status; and social capital in the form of networks of contacts 

and social associations (Bourdieu 1986). Third, they are systematic and structured; there is a definite social 

inequalities pattern.

19. Who uses the term social stratification to refer to a system by which categories of people in society are ranked in a 

hierarchy?

A. Sociologists B. Criminologists C. Psychologists D. Anthropologists

Solution:

Sociologists use the term social stratification to refer to a system by which categories of people in a society are ranked 

in a hierarchy.

20. People often harbour what about other social groups?

A. Equality B. Business C. Prejudices D. None

Solution:

People often harbour prejudices about other social groups. Each of us grows up as a community member from which 

we acquire ideas not just about our community, our caste or class, our gender but also about others. Often these ideas 

reflect prejudices. Prejudices refer to preconceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group towards 

another.

21. Prejudices are often grounded in what?

A. Heterotrophic

B. Complex

C. Stereotypes 

D. None

Solution:

A person may be prejudiced in favour of members of his/her own caste or group. Without any evidence, they believe 

them to be superior to members of other castes or groups. Prejudices are often grounded in stereotypes, fixed and 

inflexible characterisations of a group of people.

22. Which caste was not supposed to amass wealth?

A. Jains

B. Sudras

C. Brahmins 

D. None

Solution:

The ritually highest caste, the brahmins, were not supposed to amass wealth and were subordinated to kings and 

rulers’ secular power belonging to the Kshatriya castes.

23. What are untouchable castes considered to be?

A. Priests

B. Impure 

C. Pure

D. None

Solution:

Strictly speaking, the untouchable castes are outside the caste hierarchy. They are considered to be so impure that 

their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and 

forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals.

24. What is the mere presence or shadow of an untouchable person considered to be?

A. Pure

B. Polluting 

C. Precious

D. None

Solution:

Notions of distance pollution existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere 

presence or the shadow of an untouchable person is considered polluting.

25. Who appointed a commission to look into measures for the welfare of the OBCs?

A. Gandhi

B. Rajendra Prasad

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. Jawaharlal Nehru 

Solution:

The first government of independent India under Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission to look into measures for 

the welfare of the OBCs.

26. When did the first backward classes commission submit its report?

A.1950 B.1953 C.1949 D.1956

Solution:

The first backward classes commission headed by Kaka Kalelkar submitted its report in 1953. but the political 

climate at the time led to the report being sidelined.

27. When did the OBC issue become a regional affair pursued at the state rather than the central level?

A. Mid-Fifties 

B. Mid-Forties

C. Mid-Sixties

D. None

Solution:

The OBC issue became a regional affair pursued at the state rather than the central level from the mid-fifties. The 

southern states had a long history of backward caste political agitation that had started in the early twentieth century.

28. The Jana was believed to be people of what?

A. Town

B. Forest 

C. City

D. None

Solution:

The Jana or tribes were believed to be people of the forest whose distinctive habitat in the hill and forest areas shaped 

their economic, social, and political attributes.

29. What dam was built on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh?

A. Hirakud Dam

B. Polavaram 

C. Bhakra Dam

D. Indira Sagar Dam

Solution:

The Polavaram dam on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh will displace hundreds of thousands of Adivasis, 

driving them to greater destitution.

30. What campaign did Raja Ram Mohan Roy lead in Bengal?

A. Anti-Drug Campaign

B. Anti-Globalisation Campaign

C. Anti-Sati Campaign 

D. None

Solution:

Raja Ram Mohan Roy led the anti-sati campaign in Bengal. The widow remarriage movement in the Bombay 

presidency where Ranade was one of the leading reformers, from Jyotiba Phule’s simultaneous attack on caste and 

gender oppression, and from the social reform movement in Islam led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Raja Ram Mohan 

Roy’s attempts to reform society, religion, and women’s status can be taken as the starting point of the nineteenth-

century social reform in Bengal.

31. Whose writings dominated the moral philosophy syllabus of Bombay university in the 1860s?

A.Bishop Joseph Butler 

B.Ram Mohan Roy 

C.Jotiba Phule

D.None

Solution:

Ranade used the writings of scholars such as bishop joseph butler, whose analogy of religion and three sermons on 

human nature dominated the moral philosophy syllabus of Bombay university in the 1860s.

32. Who did Jyotirao Phule want to be educated?

A. Men

B. Girls 

C. Boys

D. None

Solution:

Jyotirao Phule wanted girls to be educated but within the precincts of their homes.

Question

Question 1. What is the backward class?

Answer: Backward class is that class of majority that became weak due to social, religious, economic, and 

geographical factors. The people belonging to this class were exploited to such an extent in the past, that even after the 

aid of various government policies, they still remain underdeveloped.

Question 2. Who established Satya Sfrodhan Samaj and why?

Answer: Satya Shodhan Samaj was established by Jyotiba Phooley in 1873 because he wanted to uplift the backward 

class of western India.

Question 3. What is a Totem?

Answer: A totem is a being, object, or symbol representing an animal or plant that serves as an emblem of a group of 

people such as a family clan, group, tribe, etc., reminding them of their ancestry. The Totem system is considered 

sacred and is worshipped.

Question 4. Which religion was adopted by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and why?

Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar adopted Buddhism because he was unable to eliminate the disabilities of the caste 

system.

Question 5. When was the Untouchability Offenses Act passed?

Answer: Untouchability Offenses Act was passed in 1955.

Question 6. What provisions were kept in the Untouchability Offenses Act?

Answer: Under the Untouchability Offenses Act, provisions were made that encouraging or practicing untouchability 

is a legal offense. A person practicing untouchability can be imprisoned for up to 6 months or can be fined or both can 

be implemented.

Question 7. When were untouchable castes given the name of Scheduled Castes?

Answer:

Untouchable castes were given the name of Scheduled castes in 1935.

Question 8. What is a Tribe?

Answer: A tribe is a group of people who live in remote areas such as forests, mountains, valleys, etc. They have their 

own language, culture, ways of living, eating and wearing habits, etc.

Question 9. What is Shifting Agriculture?

Answer: When the productivity of any agricultural area starts to decline the former leaves that place barren for a 

particular period so that it can regain its lost nutrients. Instead, they move to areas and commence agriculture at that 

place. This is called shifting agriculture.

Question 10. State any four features of a Tribe.

Answer: The tribe has its own geographical area.

The tribe has its own distinct culture.

The tribe lives in an undeveloped condition.

Every tribe has its different name, language, and tradition.

Question 11. State any four problems of tribal people.

Answer: Tribal people are very poor.

Tribal people are generally illiterate.

Generally, a lot of superstitions exist among tribal people.

Tribal people are generally exploited by the urban people.

Question 12. Explain some of the social disabilities of scheduled castes.

Answer: Scheduled castes were restricted to take water from wells of the higher castes.

They were not allowed to receive an education.

They were restricted to keep any social relations with higher castes.

They were not allowed to go in front of people of higher castes.

Question 13. Explain some of the religious disabilities of lower castes.

Answer: Lower castes were not allowed to read religious books.

They were not allowed to enter the temples. ,

They were restricted to perform religious rituals.

They were not allowed to go to take water from the wells of the villages.

Question 14. What is a disability?

Answer: Many restrictions were kept by higher castes on lower castes in the society. These restrictions were known as 

disabilities. There were various types of disabilities such as social, economic, and religious disabilities in society.

Question 15. What is Untouchability?

Answer: Untouchability is a practice wherein people of the lower caste are not allowed to touch any individual, 

commodity, or utility belonging to a higher caste.

Question 16. What is an economic disability?

Answer: A disability wherein an individual is restricted or forbidden to carry on occupations of his choice to earn 

more income.

Question 17. What is meant by social disability?

Answer: Many restrictions were kept on people of lower castes to keep social relations with people of higher castes. 

This was known as the social disability of lower castes.

Question 18. What is meant by religious disability?

Answer: People of lower castes were not allowed to enter into temples, read religious scriptures and perform religious 

rituals. It was known as the religious disability of lower castes.

Question 19. What was the reform movement?

Answer:Those movements which were started to uplift the social status of women and lower castes were known as 

reform movements.

Question 20. How could Harijans be uplifted?

Answer: The caste system should be eliminated from society.

Occupations of the lowest level should be stopped.

Propaganda against untouchability should be increased.

Different types of disabilities should be stopped.

Education should be spread among people of lower castes.

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